Journal:

Article Title: A novel balanced chromosomal translocation found in subjects with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder: altered L-serine level associated with disruption of PSAT1 gene expression

doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.10.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Chromosomal translocation and molecular profiles of the proband and her son. A) Fluorescent in situ hybridization positions the chromosome 9q21.2 breakpoint. A metaphase spread (left) and interphase nucleus (right) stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (blue). A green fluorescently labeled probe generated from RP11-45D15 BAC clone DNA is shown hybridized to the normal chromosome 9 and derived chromosomes 3 and 9 on a metaphase spread (left) stained blue with DAPI. This triple signal, also seen in an interphase nucleus (right), indicates that the DNA probe sequence spans the breakpoint. The relative proportions of signals on the two derived chromosomes suggest that the breakpoint is located towards the centromeric end of the DNA probe sequence. B) Schematic representation of the two breakpoint loci. The BAC and fosmid clones flanking the chromosome 3 breakpoint within the BC036229 transcript are shown as black rectangles. The magnified genomic context of the disruption is shown below including the location and orientation of nearby genes (nearest genes, grey block arrows: other genes, white block arrows). The chromosome 9 breakpoint does not directly disrupt a gene but is located close to PSAT1. The proximity to a segmental duplication pair (the black arrow indicates the centromeric component and the dashed line indicates the direction of the telomeric component ~1.8 Mb downstream) may indicate potential chromosome instability in this region. C) Serum level of L-serine, D-serine, and other relevant amino acids determined by HPLC. *p=0.013, Mann-Whitney U-test. Control, n=16. The open diamond indicates the proband. D) mRNA expression of the genes that are adjacent to the breakpoints. Expression level was determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and presented as expression relative to GAPDH mRNA. PSAT1 mRNA expression level was decreased significantly in the subjects (proband and her son) (**p=0.0053, Mann-Whitney U-test). No significant difference was observed for bobby sox homolog (Drosophila) (BBX) and centrosomal protein 78 kDa (CEP78) mRNA expression. Control: n=26 for PSAT1, n=10 for BBX and CEP78. The open diamond indicates the proband. mRNA expression of coiled-coil domain containing 54 (CCDC54), guanine nucleotide binding protein q polypeptide (GNAQ), and BC036229 was not detected in either subject or control lymphoblastoid cells. See Figure 1B for the location of each gene.

Article Snippet: Assay IDs for each target were as follows: BBX: Hs00329131_m1, CCDC54: Hs00540426_s1, CEP78: Hs00397220_m1, GNAQ Hs00387073_m1, and PSAT1: Hs00253548_m1.

Techniques: Translocation Assay, In Situ Hybridization, Staining, Labeling, Generated, Derivative Assay, Sequencing, Clone Assay, Disruption, Blocking Assay, MANN-WHITNEY, Control, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Binding Assay

Journal:

Article Title: A novel balanced chromosomal translocation found in subjects with schizophrenia and schizotypal personality disorder: altered L-serine level associated with disruption of PSAT1 gene expression

doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.10.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of PSAT1 knockdown by RNAi on L-serine level. A) Successful knockdown of PSAT1 by siRNA in primary rat astrocytes. Primary rat astrocytes were transfected with siRNA against PSAT1 or control siRNA. Cells were harvested on day 7 and examined for PSAT1 protein expression by Western blot analysis by using anti-PSAT1 antibody. GAPDH expression level was examined for internal control. (-); no transfection. Bar graph shows PSAT1 expression level relative to GAPDH. B) Amino acids concentration in culture supernatants of primary rat astrocytes with PSAT1 siRNA. Astrocytes transfected with either PSAT1 siRNA or control siRNA was determined at 24 h after the last medium change (day 7 post-transfection) by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. Error bars represent standard deviation. NT; non-treated, Con; treated with control siRNA, and Exp; treated with PSAT1 siRNA. **p=0.00175, Student t-test. Data are representative of three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Assay IDs for each target were as follows: BBX: Hs00329131_m1, CCDC54: Hs00540426_s1, CEP78: Hs00397220_m1, GNAQ Hs00387073_m1, and PSAT1: Hs00253548_m1.

Techniques: Knockdown, Transfection, Control, Expressing, Western Blot, Concentration Assay, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Standard Deviation

Journal: mAbs

Article Title: Beyond bispecificity: Controlled Fab arm exchange for the generation of antibodies with multiple specificities

doi: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2018960

Figure Lengend Snippet: Generation of multispecific DB-VHH constructs. Trastuzumab IgG1-K409R mAb (anti-HER2) C-termini are fused to VHHs directed against EGFR, IL6R or NKG2D via a GS-linker. CS06 IgG1-F405L mAb (anti-c-MET) is fused to the same VHH molecules in the same manner. After recombinant production and purification, parental IgG-VHHs are recombined pairwise by reduction and reoxidation. The matching K409R and F405L mutations drive the generation of heterodimeric multispecific DB-VHHs.

Article Snippet: The biosensors were then rinsed in kinetics buffer (KB; PBS + 0.1% Tween-20 + 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA)) for 45 s (baseline) and the corresponding antigen was associated to the biosensor for 300 s. Different antigen concentrations (1:2 dilution rows in KB) were tested in order to identify the dynamic range of the binding kinetics and the most suitable concentration ranges were determined as follows: HER2/ErbB2 ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10004- H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, c-MET ECD-strepII-His Tag (in-house production) – 0.39 nM to 25 nM, human EGFR-His Tag (ACRO Biosystems, Cat: EGR-H5222) – 1.5 nM to 100 nM, human IL6R ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10398-H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, and human NKG2D-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10575-H07B) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM.

Techniques: Construct, Recombinant, Purification

Journal: mAbs

Article Title: Beyond bispecificity: Controlled Fab arm exchange for the generation of antibodies with multiple specificities

doi: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2018960

Figure Lengend Snippet: Binding affinities measured for each paratope using recombinant antigens

Article Snippet: The biosensors were then rinsed in kinetics buffer (KB; PBS + 0.1% Tween-20 + 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA)) for 45 s (baseline) and the corresponding antigen was associated to the biosensor for 300 s. Different antigen concentrations (1:2 dilution rows in KB) were tested in order to identify the dynamic range of the binding kinetics and the most suitable concentration ranges were determined as follows: HER2/ErbB2 ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10004- H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, c-MET ECD-strepII-His Tag (in-house production) – 0.39 nM to 25 nM, human EGFR-His Tag (ACRO Biosystems, Cat: EGR-H5222) – 1.5 nM to 100 nM, human IL6R ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10398-H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, and human NKG2D-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10575-H07B) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Recombinant, Construct

Journal: mAbs

Article Title: Beyond bispecificity: Controlled Fab arm exchange for the generation of antibodies with multiple specificities

doi: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2018960

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biolayer interferometry analysis of simultaneous antigen binding of tri- and tetraspecific DB-VHHs. (a), (b) and (c) show exemplary sensorgrams for trispecific molecules and (d) a tetraspecific DB-VHH. The first association step represents binding of the DB-VHH (200 nM) via its CS06 paratope to biotinylated c-MET immobilized to streptavidin biosensors. Second (and third for (D)) association step is performed using an IL6R, EGFR or NKG2D recombinant protein (200 nM). The last association step is performed using HER2 (200 nM). Kinetic buffer (KB) controls were applied as negative controls for each association step.

Article Snippet: The biosensors were then rinsed in kinetics buffer (KB; PBS + 0.1% Tween-20 + 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA)) for 45 s (baseline) and the corresponding antigen was associated to the biosensor for 300 s. Different antigen concentrations (1:2 dilution rows in KB) were tested in order to identify the dynamic range of the binding kinetics and the most suitable concentration ranges were determined as follows: HER2/ErbB2 ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10004- H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, c-MET ECD-strepII-His Tag (in-house production) – 0.39 nM to 25 nM, human EGFR-His Tag (ACRO Biosystems, Cat: EGR-H5222) – 1.5 nM to 100 nM, human IL6R ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10398-H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, and human NKG2D-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10575-H07B) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Recombinant

Journal: mAbs

Article Title: Beyond bispecificity: Controlled Fab arm exchange for the generation of antibodies with multiple specificities

doi: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2018960

Figure Lengend Snippet: Specific cell clustering due to simultaneous binding of the DB-VHHs to three different cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry cytograms represent the fluorescence signals of the different cell populations. (a) Cells without antibody construct. Upper left gate = HCC-1954 (HER2 +++ ) cells stained with DeepRed, lower left gate = MDA-MB-468 (EGFR +++ ) cells stained with CMRA, lower right gate = EBC-1 (c-MET ++ ) cells stained with CFSE, upper right gate = HCC-1954 + EBC-1 cell doublets. Events in all three fluorescence channels (cell triplets) were marked in red. Cells were incubated in the presence of 1 nM (b) bispecific DB, (c) and (d) trispecific DB-VHHs, (e) and (f) tetraspecific DB-VHHs.

Article Snippet: The biosensors were then rinsed in kinetics buffer (KB; PBS + 0.1% Tween-20 + 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA)) for 45 s (baseline) and the corresponding antigen was associated to the biosensor for 300 s. Different antigen concentrations (1:2 dilution rows in KB) were tested in order to identify the dynamic range of the binding kinetics and the most suitable concentration ranges were determined as follows: HER2/ErbB2 ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10004- H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, c-MET ECD-strepII-His Tag (in-house production) – 0.39 nM to 25 nM, human EGFR-His Tag (ACRO Biosystems, Cat: EGR-H5222) – 1.5 nM to 100 nM, human IL6R ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10398-H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, and human NKG2D-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10575-H07B) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Construct, Staining, Incubation

Journal: mAbs

Article Title: Beyond bispecificity: Controlled Fab arm exchange for the generation of antibodies with multiple specificities

doi: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2018960

Figure Lengend Snippet: Simultaneous interaction of the DB-VHHs with HCC-1954 and EBC-1 target cells and binding of recombinant IL6R. Flow cytometry cytograms represent the fluorescence signals of the two cell populations and bound recombinant IL6R, detected with an anti-His6 detection antibody. (a) Cells without antibody construct. Upper left gate = HCC-1954 (HER2+++) cells stained with DeepRed, lower right gate = EBC-1 (c-MET++) cells stained with CFSE, upper right gate = HCC-1954 + EBC-1 cell doublets. Events in all three fluorescence channels (HCC-1954 + EBC-1 + bound recombinant IL6R-His Tag) were marked in blue. Cells were incubated in the presence of 10 nM (b) bispecific DB, (c) and (d) trispecific DB-VHHs, (e) and (f) tetraspecific DB-VHHs.

Article Snippet: The biosensors were then rinsed in kinetics buffer (KB; PBS + 0.1% Tween-20 + 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA)) for 45 s (baseline) and the corresponding antigen was associated to the biosensor for 300 s. Different antigen concentrations (1:2 dilution rows in KB) were tested in order to identify the dynamic range of the binding kinetics and the most suitable concentration ranges were determined as follows: HER2/ErbB2 ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10004- H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, c-MET ECD-strepII-His Tag (in-house production) – 0.39 nM to 25 nM, human EGFR-His Tag (ACRO Biosystems, Cat: EGR-H5222) – 1.5 nM to 100 nM, human IL6R ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10398-H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, and human NKG2D-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10575-H07B) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Recombinant, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Construct, Staining, Incubation

Journal: mAbs

Article Title: Beyond bispecificity: Controlled Fab arm exchange for the generation of antibodies with multiple specificities

doi: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2018960

Figure Lengend Snippet: DB-VHHs elicit potent and specific NK cell-mediated target cell killing. Tumor cells were incubated with primary effector cells (NK cells) at a 1:5 ratio in the presence of antibody constructs in different concentrations. Error bars represent standard deviation of two biological replicates. Wildtype CS06 and trastuzumab with active Fc effector functioning were used as an ADCC reference (green). (a) and (b): c-MET-positive EBC-1 target cells, (c) and (d) HER2-overexpressing SK-BR-3 target cells. (a) and (c): NK cell cytotoxicity triggered by parental antibodies. (b) and (d): DB-VHHs serve as NK cell engager and mediate tumor cell killing.

Article Snippet: The biosensors were then rinsed in kinetics buffer (KB; PBS + 0.1% Tween-20 + 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA)) for 45 s (baseline) and the corresponding antigen was associated to the biosensor for 300 s. Different antigen concentrations (1:2 dilution rows in KB) were tested in order to identify the dynamic range of the binding kinetics and the most suitable concentration ranges were determined as follows: HER2/ErbB2 ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10004- H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, c-MET ECD-strepII-His Tag (in-house production) – 0.39 nM to 25 nM, human EGFR-His Tag (ACRO Biosystems, Cat: EGR-H5222) – 1.5 nM to 100 nM, human IL6R ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10398-H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, and human NKG2D-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10575-H07B) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM.

Techniques: Incubation, Construct, Standard Deviation

Journal: mAbs

Article Title: Beyond bispecificity: Controlled Fab arm exchange for the generation of antibodies with multiple specificities

doi: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2018960

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: The biosensors were then rinsed in kinetics buffer (KB; PBS + 0.1% Tween-20 + 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA)) for 45 s (baseline) and the corresponding antigen was associated to the biosensor for 300 s. Different antigen concentrations (1:2 dilution rows in KB) were tested in order to identify the dynamic range of the binding kinetics and the most suitable concentration ranges were determined as follows: HER2/ErbB2 ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10004- H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, c-MET ECD-strepII-His Tag (in-house production) – 0.39 nM to 25 nM, human EGFR-His Tag (ACRO Biosystems, Cat: EGR-H5222) – 1.5 nM to 100 nM, human IL6R ECD-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10398-H08H) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM, and human NKG2D-His Tag (Sino Biological, Cat: 10575-H07B) – 0.78 nM to 50 nM.

Techniques: Variant Assay, Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography, Mutagenesis, Molecular Weight, High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Bioengineered miR-328-3p modulates GLUT1-mediated glucose uptake and metabolism to exert synergistic antiproliferative effects with chemotherapeutics

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.11.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: Production of fully-humanized biologic miR-328-3p molecule. (A) Schematic illustration of the fully-humanized bioengineered RNA agent (hBERA) bearing the target miR-328-3p (hBERA/miR-328, 192 nucleotides in length). The carrier consists of a human serine tRNA (htRNA Ser ) and a modified pre-miR-34a 23 , in which miR-34a duplexes are replaced by target miR-328 sequences. (B) High-level heterogeneous expression of hBERA/miR-328 through bacterial fermentation, as demonstrated by urea-PAGE analysis. Total RNA from wild type (WT) Escherichia coli was used for comparison. (C) FPLC trace during the purification of hBERA/miR-328. The insert shows urea-PAGE analysis of target RNA fractions collected during FPLC separation. (D) The purity of isolated hBERA/miR-328-3p (98.5%) was determined by HPLC analysis. Au/Uv, absorbance unit of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; nt, nucleotide.

Article Snippet: Purification of target RNA molecules was achieved by using the anion exchange fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) methods , on an NGC QUEST 10PLUS FPLC system (Bio-Rad).

Techniques: Modification, Expressing, Comparison, Purification, Isolation, Spectroscopy

Journal: Human genomics

Article Title: Aldh1l2 knockout mouse metabolomics links the loss of the mitochondrial folate enzyme to deregulation of a lipid metabolism observed in rare human disorder.

doi: 10.1186/s40246-020-00291-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1 Generation and characterization of Aldh1l2 knockout mice. a Schematic presentation of the Aldh1l2 gene-trapping vector. Ex, exon; FRT, Flp-recombinase target; loxP, Cre-recombinase site. Primers for mouse genotyping and their approximate target locations are shown (WTf and WTr, primers for the wild type allele; RAF5-l2 and TTR1-l2, primers for the disrupted allele). b PCR-based genotyping of the wild type Aldh1l2 allele (WTf/WTr primer pair) generates a 338 bp fragment, whereas amplification of the disrupted allele (RAF5-l2/TTR1-l2 primer pair) generates a 598-bp fragment. c Levels of Aldh1l2 and Aldh1l1 mRNA in the pancreas and liver of wild type and Aldh1l2 KO mice measured by RT-PCR. d Western blot assays of mitochondria (upper panels) and cytosol (lower panels) from pancreas of Aldh1l2+/+, Aldh1l2+/−, and Aldh1l2−/−mice (n = 3). e Western blot assays of mitochondria (upper panel) and cytosol (lower panel) from livers of Aldh1l2+/+ and Aldh1l2−/−mice (n = 2). St, molecular weight standards. f H&E and g Oil Red O staining of the liver tissue from Aldh1l2+/+ and Aldh1l2-/- male mice (two mice for each genotype were analyzed)

Article Snippet: Abbreviations ALDH1L2: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L2; SLS: SjogrenLarsson Syndrome; THF: Tetrahydrofolate; DHF: Dihydrofolate; FA: Folic acid; CoA: Coenzyme A; UHPLC: Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography; PCA: Principal components analysis; OPLSDA: Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis; KO: Knockout; WT: Wildtype; MS: Mass spectrometry; PLS-DA: Partial least square-discriminant analysis Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr. Baharan Fekry for the RNA purification for the NanoString analysis.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Plasmid Preparation, Amplification, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot, Molecular Weight, Staining

Journal: Human genomics

Article Title: Aldh1l2 knockout mouse metabolomics links the loss of the mitochondrial folate enzyme to deregulation of a lipid metabolism observed in rare human disorder.

doi: 10.1186/s40246-020-00291-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3 Comparison of the liver and pancreas metabolomic data for Aldh1l2+/+, Aldh1l2+/−, and Aldh1l2−/−male mice. a Summary of metabolome analysis. b, c OPLS-DA of metabolomic data for the liver and pancreas (three Aldh1l2 genotypes are included). d Venn diagram showing the number of metabolites changed in the liver and pancreas upon ALDH1L2 loss. e List of metabolites changed in both the liver and pancreas upon the ALDH1L2 loss

Article Snippet: Abbreviations ALDH1L2: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L2; SLS: SjogrenLarsson Syndrome; THF: Tetrahydrofolate; DHF: Dihydrofolate; FA: Folic acid; CoA: Coenzyme A; UHPLC: Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography; PCA: Principal components analysis; OPLSDA: Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis; KO: Knockout; WT: Wildtype; MS: Mass spectrometry; PLS-DA: Partial least square-discriminant analysis Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr. Baharan Fekry for the RNA purification for the NanoString analysis.

Techniques: Comparison, Metabolomic

Journal: Human genomics

Article Title: Aldh1l2 knockout mouse metabolomics links the loss of the mitochondrial folate enzyme to deregulation of a lipid metabolism observed in rare human disorder.

doi: 10.1186/s40246-020-00291-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5 Comparison of the liver and plasma metabolomic data for wild type and Aldh1l2 KO male mice. a Summary of metabolome analysis. b Venn diagram showing metabolites changed in liver and plasma upon ALDH1L2 loss. c, d OPLS-DA of metabolomic data for the plasma and liver of wild type and KO mice. e Schematic depicting the fate of fatty acids: in the case of β-oxidation impairment (linked to CoA deficiency in Aldh1l2 KO mice) fatty acids are conjugated with carnitine and glycine and directed to the blood or converted to triglycerides and deposited in the liver. f, g Acylcarnitines and acylglycines are elevated in plasma of Aldh1l2 KO mice

Article Snippet: Abbreviations ALDH1L2: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L2; SLS: SjogrenLarsson Syndrome; THF: Tetrahydrofolate; DHF: Dihydrofolate; FA: Folic acid; CoA: Coenzyme A; UHPLC: Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography; PCA: Principal components analysis; OPLSDA: Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis; KO: Knockout; WT: Wildtype; MS: Mass spectrometry; PLS-DA: Partial least square-discriminant analysis Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr. Baharan Fekry for the RNA purification for the NanoString analysis.

Techniques: Comparison, Clinical Proteomics, Metabolomic

Journal: Human genomics

Article Title: Aldh1l2 knockout mouse metabolomics links the loss of the mitochondrial folate enzyme to deregulation of a lipid metabolism observed in rare human disorder.

doi: 10.1186/s40246-020-00291-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6 Bioinformatics analysis of NanoString data for livers of Aldh1l2+/+ and Aldh1l2−/−male mice. PCA was carried out using the sklearn package in Python. PLS-DA analysis was carried out using the package mixOmics in R. a PCA for wild type (WL), Aldh1l1−/−(KL), Aldh1l2+/−(Hets), and Aldh1l2−/−(KO) mice. Raw data were first normalized and then PCA was applied. No scaling was used prior to PCA. PC1 and PC2 explain 91.95% and 7.5% of the total variance of the data, respectively. b Heat map representation of the NanoString data for the four genotypes (see Supplementary Fig. S11 for the full-size image). Each protein was standardized so that it has mean 0 and standard deviation 1. c Top 20 discriminating proteins for Aldh1l+/−and Aldh1l2−/−from wild type mice according to PLS-DA VIP values. Most of these genes do not discriminate between Aldh1l2+/−and Aldh1l2−/−genotypes. d PCA for Aldh1l2+/−(Hets) and Aldh1l2−/−(KO) mice. Raw data were first normalized and then PCA was applied. No scaling was used prior to PCA. PC1 and PC2 explain 88.25% and 7.87% of the total variance of the data, respectively. e Heat map representation of the NanoString data for the Aldh1l+/−and Aldh1l2−/−genotypes (based on the entire panel of 242 genes; see Supplementary Fig. S12 for the full-size image). Each protein was standardized so that it has mean 0 and standard deviation 1. f Top 20 discriminating proteins for Aldh1l+/−versus Aldh1l2−/−genotype according to PLS-DA VIP values

Article Snippet: Abbreviations ALDH1L2: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L2; SLS: SjogrenLarsson Syndrome; THF: Tetrahydrofolate; DHF: Dihydrofolate; FA: Folic acid; CoA: Coenzyme A; UHPLC: Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography; PCA: Principal components analysis; OPLSDA: Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis; KO: Knockout; WT: Wildtype; MS: Mass spectrometry; PLS-DA: Partial least square-discriminant analysis Acknowledgements The authors thank Dr. Baharan Fekry for the RNA purification for the NanoString analysis.

Techniques: Standard Deviation